Mehmed VI

Mehmed VI was the last Ottoman sultan, reigning from 1918 until the sultanate was abolished in 1922. His reign encompassed the empire’s defeat in World War I and the rise of Turkish national resistance.

Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The Turkish Grand National Assembly’s abolition of the Ottoman sultanate on 1 November 1922. It formally ended the office Mehmed VI held.
World War I: A global war fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. The Ottoman defeat in this war framed Mehmed VI’s accession.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk: The Turkish military leader who headed the nationalist movement and became the Republic of Turkey’s first president. His rival national government displaced Mehmed VI’s Istanbul administration.
Turkish national movement: The movement that organized resistance to Allied occupation and sought an independent Turkish state after World War I. It claimed national authority against Mehmed VI’s government.
Turkish War of Independence: The conflict from 1919 to 1923 that secured Turkish independence and established a new national government. Its nationalist forces challenged the authority of Mehmed VI’s government.
Armistice of Mudros: The 1918 armistice that ended Ottoman hostilities with the Allied Powers. It preceded Mehmed VI’s accession and enabled Allied occupation of Ottoman territory.
Damat Ferid Pasha: An Ottoman statesman who served several terms as grand vizier between 1919 and 1920. He led governments closely associated with Mehmed VI’s policy toward the nationalists.
Grand National Assembly of Turkey: The representative assembly established in Ankara in 1920 that became the central institution of the Turkish national movement. It rejected the sultan’s political authority and abolished his office.
Treaty of Lausanne: The 1923 treaty that recognized the sovereignty and borders of the Republic of Turkey. It replaced the postwar settlement negotiated while Mehmed VI was sultan.
Occupation of Constantinople: The Allied occupation of the Ottoman capital, beginning in November 1918 and ending in 1923. The occupation constrained the government Mehmed VI headed.

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Abolition of the Ottoman caliphateRelated: His removal had separated the sultanate from the caliphate before the 1924 abolition.