Melting point

The temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid at a specified pressure. For a pure substance in equilibrium, it equals the freezing point at that pressure.

Latent heat of fusion: The energy absorbed or released during a solid–liquid phase change without changing temperature. At the melting point, added heat breaks the solid structure rather than raising temperature.
Differential scanning calorimetry: A method that measures heat flow into or out of a sample as its temperature changes. Its melting endotherm can reveal transition temperature and enthalpy.
Freezing point: The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid at a specified pressure. For a pure substance at equilibrium, it is the same temperature as the melting point.
Water: A chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, with formula H₂O. At ordinary atmospheric pressure, pure water melts at 0 °C.
Phase diagram: A map showing which phases of a substance are stable at different temperatures and pressures. It shows how changing pressure shifts the solid–liquid boundary and melting temperature.
Melting-point apparatus: An instrument that heats a small sample while its melting range is observed. It provides a direct laboratory measurement for many crystalline compounds.
Glass transition: A temperature interval in which an amorphous material changes between rigid and more mobile states. Unlike melting, it does not mark a first-order transition between crystal and liquid.
Carbon dioxide: A colorless gas at ordinary conditions, with chemical formula CO₂. At atmospheric pressure, solid carbon dioxide sublimes instead of melting.
Clausius–Clapeyron relation: An equation relating pressure changes to the slope of a boundary between phases. Its solid–liquid form describes how melting temperature varies with pressure.
Pharmaceutical polymorphism: The ability of a pharmaceutical compound to crystallize in more than one structure. Different crystal forms can have distinct melting points and affect drug processing.

Linked from 38 pages