Melvin Calvin

Melvin Calvin was an American biochemist who mapped the carbon-fixation pathway of photosynthesis and received the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Andrew Benson: An American biochemist who identified key intermediates in photosynthetic carbon fixation with Calvin’s group. Benson’s experimental work helped establish the pathway later named for Calvin.
Calvin cycle: A cyclic series of reactions that fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules in photosynthetic organisms. This pathway is the defining scientific result associated with Calvin.
Photosynthesis: The process by which organisms convert light energy into chemical energy, often using carbon dioxide and water. Calvin investigated how photosynthetic organisms incorporate carbon dioxide.
1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Melvin Calvin for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants. The award recognized the significance of Calvin’s pathway research.
James Bassham: An American biochemist who helped trace carbon through photosynthesis using radioactive isotopes. Bassham co-developed the experiments that mapped the carbon-fixation sequence.
Carbon fixation: The incorporation of inorganic carbon dioxide into organic compounds by living organisms. Calvin’s work mapped one of the best-known routes by which carbon is fixed.
Melvin Calvin's carbon-14 experiments: Experiments that traced radioactive carbon through photosynthetic algae to reveal carbon-fixation intermediates. These experiments supplied the evidence for the pathway Calvin’s group reconstructed.
C3 carbon fixation: A carbon-fixation mode in which the first stable product is a three-carbon molecule, 3-phosphoglycerate. Calvin’s pathway describes the core carbon-fixation reactions in C3 plants.
Sam Ruben: An American chemist who used carbon-14 to investigate carbon dioxide assimilation in photosynthesis. Ruben’s isotope work helped make Calvin’s later tracing experiments possible.
Carbon-14: A radioactive isotope of carbon used as a tracer in biological and chemical research. Calvin’s group followed carbon-14 through algal cells to identify pathway intermediates.

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