Memory

Memory is the capacity to encode, retain, and retrieve information. It supports learning and influences behavior by making past experience available in the present.

Encoding: The transformation of information into a form that can be stored in memory. Encoding is the first stage by which experience becomes a potential memory.
Hippocampus: A brain structure in the medial temporal lobe involved in forming new episodic and spatial memories. Damage to the hippocampus can sharply impair the formation of new declarative memories.
Learning: A relatively lasting change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience. Learning depends on changes that memory preserves and later experience can update.
Episodic memory: Memory for personally experienced events situated in a particular time and place. It captures the recollection of lived episodes rather than facts alone.
Storage (memory): The maintenance of information in memory over time. Storage describes how encoded information persists between learning and later retrieval.
Long-term potentiation: A persistent increase in synaptic strength following repeated or coordinated neural activity. It is a leading cellular model for how experience can alter neural connections.
Spaced repetition: A study method that reviews information at expanding or strategically timed intervals. It uses the benefits of retrieval practice and spacing to strengthen retention.
Semantic memory: Memory for facts, concepts, and meanings that is not tied to a specific personal episode. It distinguishes general knowledge from recollection of when or where it was learned.
Retrieval: The process of accessing information stored in memory. Retrieval makes stored information available for thought, decision, or action.
Memory consolidation: The processes that stabilize newly formed memories and integrate them with existing knowledge. Consolidation helps explain why memories change after learning rather than becoming fixed immediately.

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