Menachem Begin

Menachem Begin (1913–1992) was an Israeli politician who led the Irgun, founded Likud, served as prime minister from 1977 to 1983, and shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize.

Anwar Sadat: Anwar Sadat was Egypt’s president from 1970 until his assassination in 1981 and a signatory of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. His 1977 visit to Jerusalem opened direct negotiations with Begin.
Irgun: The Irgun was a Jewish underground armed organization active in Mandatory Palestine from 1931 to 1948. Begin commanded it during its campaign against British rule.
Brest: Brest is a city in present-day Belarus that was part of Poland during Begin’s youth. Begin was born there in 1913 and grew up in its Jewish community.
1977 Israeli legislative election: The 1977 Israeli legislative election ended decades of Labor-led government and made Likud the largest party in the Knesset. Its result brought Begin to the premiership and became known as the political upheaval.
Jimmy Carter: Jimmy Carter was the 39th president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981. He mediated Begin and Sadat at Camp David in 1978.
King David Hotel bombing: The 1946 King David Hotel bombing was an Irgun attack on British administrative headquarters in Jerusalem that killed 91 people. The attack became the most notorious episode associated with Begin’s Irgun leadership.
Revisionist Zionism: Revisionist Zionism was a nationalist Zionist movement advocating Jewish statehood and a more assertive approach than Labor Zionism. Begin became a leading political heir to this movement.
Mahapakh: Mahapakh is the Hebrew name for the 1977 Israeli election upheaval that ended Labor’s political dominance. Begin’s victory marked this decisive transfer of power.
Yitzhak Shamir: Yitzhak Shamir was an Israeli politician who served as prime minister from 1983 to 1984 and from 1986 to 1992. Shamir followed Begin as prime minister and had also led the Irgun’s successor organization.
Altalena Affair: The Altalena Affair was a 1948 confrontation in which Israeli forces shelled an Irgun arms ship near Tel Aviv. Begin ordered his followers not to retaliate, averting a wider clash with the new state.

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