Menstruation

Menstruation is the periodic shedding of the uterine lining, with blood and tissue leaving through the vagina when pregnancy has not occurred. It is one phase of the menstrual cycle.

Menstrual cycle: The recurring hormonal and reproductive processes that prepare the ovaries and uterus for possible pregnancy. Menstruation is the cycle’s bleeding phase, following changes in the ovaries and uterine lining.
Uterus: A hollow muscular organ in which an embryo can implant and develop during pregnancy. Menstruation comes from changes in its inner lining.
Menstrual hygiene: Practices and products used to manage menstrual bleeding and maintain comfort and cleanliness. It addresses the everyday management of menstrual blood.
Iron-deficiency anemia: Anemia caused by insufficient iron to produce adequate hemoglobin. Persistently heavy menstrual bleeding can contribute to iron loss and anemia.
Menstrual taboo: A social prohibition or restriction associated with menstruation in a particular culture or community. Taboos can impose rules on people who are menstruating.
Endometrium: The mucous membrane lining the inside of the uterus, which changes during the menstrual cycle. Its functional layer is shed during menstruation.
Ovary: A reproductive organ that produces egg cells and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian hormone changes help regulate the uterine events that lead to menstruation.
Menstrual product: A product designed to collect or absorb menstrual blood, such as a pad, tampon, or menstrual cup. These products manage bleeding during menstruation.
Premenstrual syndrome: A recurring group of physical and emotional symptoms occurring before menstruation. Its symptoms arise in the days before bleeding and often ease when menstruation begins.
Menstrual equity: The pursuit of fair access to menstrual products, facilities, education, and health care. It frames menstrual access as a matter of equality and public policy.

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