Metal–organic framework

A porous crystalline material made of metal-containing nodes connected by organic linkers. Its ordered structure can contain large, tunable internal pores.

Coordination bond: A chemical bond formed when one atom donates both bonding electrons to another atom. Metal–organic frameworks use coordination bonds to join metal nodes and organic linkers.
Carbon capture and storage: Methods for capturing carbon dioxide and storing it to limit its release into the atmosphere. Some MOFs selectively adsorb carbon dioxide from gas mixtures.
Coordination polymer: An extended structure in which metal centers are linked by ligands through coordination bonds. MOFs are porous crystalline members of the broader coordination-polymer family.
Zeolite: A crystalline aluminosilicate mineral or synthetic material with regularly arranged molecular-scale pores. Zeolites offer durable, well-defined pores but generally less chemical tunability than MOFs.
Water stability of metal–organic frameworks: The ability of a metal–organic framework to retain its structure and function in the presence of water. Water can compete for metal-binding sites or disrupt bonds in moisture-sensitive frameworks.
Metal node: A metal ion or cluster that connects multiple linkers within a coordination framework. Metal nodes provide the framework’s junctions and help set its geometry.
Gas separation: The separation of gas mixtures into components using differences in their physical or chemical behavior. MOFs can discriminate among gases by pore size and molecule–surface interactions.
Yaghi–O’Keeffe reticular chemistry: A framework-design approach associated with Omar Yaghi and Michael O’Keeffe that treats molecular building units as connectable components. Its principles helped establish systematic design of extended porous frameworks.
Porous carbon: A carbon-rich solid containing pores that provide internal surface area for adsorption and other uses. Porous carbon is often robust and conductive, but usually lacks MOFs’ precise crystalline order.
Defect engineering: The deliberate control or introduction of structural imperfections to alter a material’s properties. Defects can create useful binding sites but may also weaken framework order or stability.

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