Miaphysitism

Miaphysitism teaches that Christ is one united incarnate nature, fully divine and fully human, without confusion or separation of divinity and humanity.

Hypostatic union: The Christian doctrine that Christ’s divine and human natures are united in one person. Miaphysite theology affirms this union while describing Christ’s united incarnate nature.
Council of Ephesus: The 431 ecumenical council that condemned Nestorius and affirmed Mary as Theotokos. Its endorsement of Cyril’s Christology helped establish the theological language later used by Miaphysites.
Severus of Antioch: A sixth-century patriarch and theologian who became a leading defender of anti-Chalcedonian Christology. His writings articulated a mature Miaphysite account of Christ’s united nature.
Dyophysitism: The Christological teaching that Christ exists in two natures, divine and human, united in one person. It names the two-nature formulation that Miaphysites distinguish from their own language.
Nature (physis): In ancient Christological debate, the term for what something is and the properties belonging to it. The meaning of physis underlies the difference between one united nature and two natures.
Council of Chalcedon: The 451 ecumenical council that defined Christ as one person in two natures. Miaphysite churches rejected its definition, though they contested claims that it divided Christ.
Dioscorus I of Alexandria: The patriarch of Alexandria from 444 to 451, deposed at the Council of Chalcedon. His deposition became a defining event in the formation of non-Chalcedonian church identities.
Monophysitism: A Christological position in which Christ has one nature, often understood as absorbing or overwhelming his humanity. Miaphysites reject this label because they affirm Christ’s complete humanity without confusion.
Hypostasis: In Christian theology, the concrete individual reality or person, distinguished from nature. The term helps distinguish Christ’s one personal subject from debates about his nature.
Henotikon: A 482 imperial edict seeking church unity by affirming earlier councils while avoiding Chalcedon’s disputed formula. It shows an early attempt to reconcile Chalcedonian and anti-Chalcedonian Christians.

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