Michael E. Mann

Michael E. Mann is an American climatologist whose research on past temperatures helped establish the hockey stick graph as a prominent reconstruction of modern climate change.

Raymond S. Bradley: Raymond S. Bradley is an American paleoclimatologist who studies past climate from natural archives. Bradley coauthored the 1998 hockey-stick reconstruction with Mann and Malcolm Hughes.
Paleoclimatology: Paleoclimatology reconstructs climates that existed before widespread instrumental weather measurements. Mann’s temperature reconstructions are a prominent example of this field.
1998 Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction: The 1998 Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction estimated centuries of temperature history from multiple proxy records. This paper introduced the graph that became known as the hockey stick.
Hockey stick controversy: The hockey stick controversy concerns scientific, statistical, and political disputes over reconstructions showing recent warming as unusual. Mann’s graph became the central object of this long-running controversy.
Malcolm K. Hughes: Malcolm K. Hughes is a dendrochronologist and paleoclimatologist known for reconstructing past climate from tree rings. Hughes coauthored the foundational 1998 reconstruction with Mann and Bradley.
Climate proxy: A climate proxy is a natural record whose properties preserve information about past environmental conditions. Mann combined proxy records to estimate temperatures before thermometer coverage.
1999 Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction: The 1999 Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction extended and updated the earlier multiproxy temperature estimate. Mann, Bradley, and Hughes published this expanded analysis the year after their first study.
Climate change denial: Climate change denial rejects or minimizes established evidence that human activities are warming the climate. Mann’s public prominence made him a frequent target of climate-change denial campaigns.
Stephen McIntyre: Stephen McIntyre is a Canadian mining-industry consultant who challenged statistical methods used in early hockey-stick studies. His critiques prompted extensive scrutiny of Mann’s reconstruction methods.
Tree-ring dating: Tree-ring dating assigns calendar years to annual growth rings in trees. Dated rings supplied annually resolved records used in early reconstructions.

Linked from 3 pages