Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Michaelis–Menten kinetics models how an enzyme-catalyzed reaction rate rises with substrate concentration and approaches a maximum as enzyme active sites become occupied.

Michaelis–Menten equation: The equation v = Vmax[S]/(Km + [S]) describes reaction rate as a function of substrate concentration. It expresses the saturating rate relationship at the heart of the model.
Michaelis constant: The substrate concentration at which the Michaelis–Menten rate equals half its maximum. It sets the concentration scale over which the modeled rate approaches saturation.
Leonor Michaelis: A German biochemist whose work included a quantitative theory of enzyme action. Her collaboration produced the 1913 analysis associated with the model.
Lineweaver–Burk plot: A double-reciprocal graph of reaction rate and substrate concentration used to estimate kinetic parameters. It linearizes the Michaelis–Menten equation, though it magnifies errors at low substrate.
Cooperative binding: A binding process in which binding at one site changes binding affinity at other sites. Cooperativity can produce sigmoidal rate curves rather than the model’s hyperbola.
Enzyme–substrate complex: A transient molecular complex formed when a substrate binds an enzyme’s active site. Its formation and breakdown generate the rate law’s substrate dependence.
Maximum reaction rate: The limiting reaction rate approached as substrate concentration becomes very large at fixed enzyme concentration. It is the curve’s upper limit, Vmax.
Maud Menten: A Canadian physician and biochemist who studied enzyme reactions and helped formulate their rate law. Her experiments with Michaelis linked reaction velocity to substrate concentration.
Eadie–Hofstee plot: A linear transformation of enzyme-rate data that plots rate against rate divided by substrate concentration. It offers another graphical route to estimate Km and Vmax.
Hill equation: An empirical equation used to describe cooperative ligand binding or sigmoidal response curves. It can represent cooperative behavior that Michaelis–Menten kinetics does not capture.

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