Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki

Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki was king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania from 1669 until his death in 1673. His election followed John II Casimir’s abdication and took place amid conflict between rival political factions.

John II Casimir Vasa: King of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania from 1648 to 1668, whose abdication left the throne vacant. His abdication in 1668 triggered the election that brought Wiśniowiecki to the throne.
Free election: The procedure by which Poland’s nobility elected the monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Wiśniowiecki’s accession depended on the Commonwealth’s elective rather than hereditary crown.
Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676): A war between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire that began with the Ottoman invasion of 1672. The invasion exposed the military and political weaknesses confronting Wiśniowiecki’s government.
John III Sobieski's election: The 1674 election of John Sobieski as king of Poland after Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki’s death. The succession replaced the embattled monarch with the military leader whose victory at Chocim had boosted his standing.
Polish royal election of 1669: The election at Wola in 1669 that chose Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki as king of Poland. This vote made Wiśniowiecki king despite the candidacy of foreign princes.
Sejm: The parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, composed of the king, Senate, and Chamber of Envoys. The Sejm’s divisions constrained the policies Wiśniowiecki could pursue.
Battle of Chocim (1673): A 1673 Commonwealth victory over Ottoman forces near Chocim, led by John Sobieski. The victory came just before Wiśniowiecki’s death and elevated his rival Sobieski.
Polish–Lithuanian royal elections: Assemblies in which the nobility of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth elected its monarch. His accession and succession show how royal elections could magnify factional conflict.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: A federated state formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, lasting from 1569 to 1795. Wiśniowiecki ruled the Commonwealth’s two constituent polities as a single elected monarch.
Liberum veto: A parliamentary rule allowing one deputy to halt a Sejm session and invalidate its proceedings. The practice intensified the legislative paralysis that weakened royal government during his reign.

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