Microgrid

A microgrid is a local electric network that coordinates loads and distributed energy resources within a defined boundary. It can connect to a larger grid or disconnect and operate independently.

Islanding: The separation of an electric network from the larger power system, intentionally or after a fault. A microgrid's defining capability is to disconnect and continue supplying local loads.
Photovoltaic system: An electricity-generating system that converts sunlight into direct current using photovoltaic cells. Solar arrays are a common source of local microgrid generation.
Critical infrastructure: Systems and facilities whose disruption would seriously affect public safety, health, or essential services. Microgrids can keep selected critical loads powered during wider outages.
Virtual power plant: A coordinated network of distributed energy resources that operates as a single market or grid participant. It aggregates resources without necessarily forming a local network capable of islanding.
Grid resilience: The ability of an electric power system to withstand disruption, adapt, and recover service. Islanded service can limit the effects of some wider-grid disruptions on local loads.
Microgrid controller: A control system that coordinates generation, storage, and loads within a microgrid. It manages transitions between grid-connected and independent operation.
Battery energy storage system: A system that stores electrical energy in rechargeable batteries and returns it when needed. Batteries can bridge gaps between local generation and demand.
Remote area power supply: An electricity system serving a location without connection to a main transmission grid. Remote microgrids supply communities where grid extension is impractical.
Mini-grid: A small electricity network that supplies multiple users, often in areas beyond reliable utility service. The terms overlap, but mini-grids are often designed without connection to a larger grid.
Energy security: Reliable access to energy at affordable prices without unacceptable exposure to disruption. Local resources can reduce dependence on a single external supply path.

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