Microwave techniques

Microwave techniques are methods for generating, transmitting, measuring, and processing electromagnetic signals at microwave frequencies, typically from about 300 MHz to 300 GHz.

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Microwave oscillator: An electronic circuit or device that produces oscillating signals at microwave frequencies. Oscillators provide the signals that microwave systems transmit and process.
Microwave: Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies commonly defined as roughly 300 MHz to 300 GHz. The frequency band sets the scale and constraints of microwave methods.
Radar: A system that detects objects and estimates their range or motion using reflected radio waves. Radar applies microwave transmission and echo measurement to locate and track targets.
Lumped-element circuit: A circuit model that treats components as localized and wires as having negligible propagation delay. This approximation often fails when microwave wavelengths approach circuit dimensions.
Waveguide: A structure that confines and guides electromagnetic waves along a defined path. Waveguides carry microwave energy with low loss at frequencies where ordinary wiring becomes inefficient.
Electromagnetic wave: A propagating oscillation of electric and magnetic fields that carries energy through space or material. Microwave signals are electromagnetic waves, whether guided by structures or radiated.
Satellite communication: Communication that relays signals between Earth stations through artificial satellites. Microwave links carry high-capacity signals between satellites and ground stations.
Radio frequency: The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum used for radio transmission, spanning frequencies from kilohertz to hundreds of gigahertz. Microwave techniques form a high-frequency part of the broader radio-frequency field.
Microwave resonator: A structure that stores electromagnetic energy at selected resonant frequencies. Resonators select or stabilize frequencies in microwave circuits and measurements.
Transmission line: A structure designed to carry electrical signals while controlling their propagation and impedance. At microwave frequencies, circuit connections behave as transmission lines rather than ideal wires.