Middle school

Middle school is a school level between elementary school and high school, commonly serving students in grades six through eight. Its organization and grade span vary by region.

Elementary school: Elementary school provides foundational education before secondary schooling, typically for children in the early grades. It is the school level most commonly preceding middle school.
Middle school education: Middle school education is the organized teaching and learning provided to students in the middle grades. It encompasses the institutional level and the educational practices within it.
Junior high school: Junior high school is a school level, often covering grades seven through nine, organized separately from elementary and senior high schools. It is a historically distinct model that overlaps with middle school but often serves different grades.
School transition: A school transition is a change from one educational setting or stage to another. Moving into middle school often brings new routines, peers, and expectations.
High school: High school is a secondary-school level that generally follows middle school and prepares students for further study or work. It is the next school level in the common elementary-to-middle-to-high sequence.
Advisory: Advisory is a scheduled school program in which a teacher supports a small group of students academically and socially. Middle schools use advisory to provide continuity and personal support amid changing classes.
K–8 school: A K–8 school serves students from kindergarten through eighth grade in a single school. It includes the middle grades without creating a separate middle-school institution.
Self-contained classroom: A self-contained classroom is a setting where one primary teacher teaches most subjects to the same group of students. Middle school commonly replaces this model with subject-specific teachers and classroom changes.
Grade retention: Grade retention is requiring a student to repeat a grade rather than advance to the next one. Grade-by-grade progression shapes how middle-school students move through the level.
Team teaching: Team teaching is an approach in which two or more teachers jointly plan or deliver instruction to students. Middle-grade teams can coordinate instruction and share responsibility for student progress.

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