Human migration
Human migration is the movement of people between places, temporarily or permanently, within a country or across international borders.
Push–pull model: A framework explaining migration through pressures that encourage departure and attractions that draw people elsewhere. It organizes the pressures and attractions that shape movement between places.
Internal migration: Movement from one place to another within the borders of the same country. It separates domestic movement from crossings between countries.
Remittances: Money or goods migrants send to people in another place, commonly family members in their place of origin. These transfers connect migrants' earnings to households and economies elsewhere.
Economic migration: Movement primarily motivated by work, income, or other economic opportunities. It contrasts with movement driven chiefly by coercion, persecution, or danger.
Migration governance: The laws, institutions, and practices through which states and other actors regulate migration. Governance determines who can move, under what conditions, and with which protections.
Migration networks: Social ties connecting migrants, former migrants, and people in places of origin and destination. Existing ties can lower the costs and risks of moving.
International migration: Movement across national borders to live, work, or stay in another country. It brings border rules and international status into the picture.
Diaspora: A population dispersed from an ancestral or former homeland that maintains real or imagined ties to it. Migration can create communities whose ties span multiple countries.
Refugee: A person who meets the legal definition of refugee under international or applicable regional law. Refugee status is a specific legal category, not a synonym for every migrant.
Climate migration: Human movement in which environmental change or climate-related hazards contribute to the decision or necessity to move. Attributing movement to climate pressures remains difficult when causes overlap.