Miguel López de Legazpi

Miguel López de Legazpi was a Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that established Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines and founded Manila as its colonial capital.

New Spain: A Spanish viceroyalty established in 1535, encompassing much of the Americas and the Philippines. Legazpi’s expedition sailed from this colonial center, which supplied ships, soldiers, and authority.
Blood compact: A ritual in which participants mingled blood, often as a pledge of alliance or friendship. Legazpi used such a ceremony with local leaders to formalize political relations.
Spanish colonization of the Philippines: The period of Spanish political and religious rule in the Philippines, conventionally dated from 1565 to 1898. Legazpi’s Cebu settlement marked the beginning of sustained Spanish colonial government.
Lapulapu: A leader on Mactan Island remembered for resisting Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition in 1521. His resistance offers an earlier, prominent counterpoint to Spanish expansion in the islands.
Andrés de Urdaneta: An Augustinian friar and navigator who identified a workable Pacific return route from the Philippines to New Spain. His navigation made sustained Spanish contact between the Philippines and Mexico possible.
Battle of Mactan: A 1521 battle in which forces led by Lapulapu defeated Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition on Mactan Island. It exemplified local resistance to Spanish demands decades before Legazpi’s conquest.
Manila galleon: A transpacific trade route linking Manila and Acapulco from the late sixteenth century to 1815. The colonial capital he founded became the Asian terminus of this trade network.
Rajah Sulayman: A ruler of Maynila who resisted Spanish occupation in the sixteenth century. He opposed Legazpi’s forces as they moved to seize Manila.
Miguel de la Cruz: A Spanish navigator who took part in Legazpi’s 1564 expedition to the Pacific. He was among the expedition’s officers when it departed New Spain for the Philippines.
Cebu: An island and settlement in the central Philippines that became the first permanent Spanish base in the archipelago. Legazpi established his initial colonial settlement there in 1565.

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