Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera was a Spanish military officer who governed Spain as dictator from 1923 to 1930, with King Alfonso XIII’s support.

Spanish coup of 1923: The military takeover that began Miguel Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship in September 1923. Primo de Rivera launched this coup in Barcelona, ending parliamentary government with the king’s approval.
Directory of Primo de Rivera: The governing bodies through which Primo de Rivera exercised dictatorial power from 1923 to 1930. The Military Directory first ruled directly, then gave way to a civilian Directory in 1925.
José Calvo Sotelo: A Spanish politician who served as a senior minister under Primo de Rivera and later became a leading monarchist. As director-general of local administration, he helped implement the regime’s reforms of municipal government.
Spanish peseta under Primo de Rivera: Spain’s currency during a period of public works, economic expansion, and growing state intervention in the 1920s. The regime’s economic record included growth but also mounting debt and vulnerability as conditions worsened.
Alfonso XIII: King of Spain from 1886 until the monarchy’s abolition in 1931. His decision to endorse the 1923 coup enabled Primo de Rivera to rule without constitutional resistance.
Spanish National Assembly of 1927: A corporatist consultative assembly convened by Primo de Rivera that lacked the powers of a parliament. It was intended to lend institutional form to a regime that had suspended representative politics.
Dámaso Berenguer: A Spanish general who succeeded Primo de Rivera as head of government in 1930. Alfonso XIII appointed him after Primo de Rivera resigned, hoping to restore normal constitutional rule.
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo: A Spanish anarcho-syndicalist labor confederation founded in 1910. Repression and restrictions on labor activism shaped the CNT’s relationship with the dictatorship.
Spanish Restoration: The constitutional monarchy established in Spain in 1874 and ended by the Second Republic in 1931. Its increasingly discredited political system was suspended when Primo de Rivera seized power.
Patriotic Union: The political organization created by Primo de Rivera to support his regime and promote national unity. It served as the dictatorship’s official political vehicle, rather than as a competitive party.

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