Knowra Mineral acid Mineral acid A mineral acid is an inorganic acid traditionally distinguished from acids derived from organic sources. Common examples include hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids.
Acid : A substance or species that donates protons, accepts electron pairs, or increases hydrogen-ion activity, depending on the acid–base theory. Mineral acids belong to the broader class of acids.
Acid dissociation constant : An equilibrium constant that quantifies a particular acid's proton transfer to a solvent or base. It measures the extent to which a mineral acid ionizes.
Sulfuric acid : A strong diprotic mineral acid with the formula H₂SO₄. It is a major industrial mineral acid used in fertilizer production and chemical processing.
Organic acid : An organic compound with acidic properties, often due to a carboxyl group or another proton-donating group. The traditional distinction contrasts mineral acids with acids derived from organic sources.
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory : A theory defining acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. It describes proton donation by mineral acids in aqueous reactions.
Strong acid : An acid that ionizes nearly completely in dilute aqueous solution. Several common mineral acids, including hydrochloric acid, are strong acids.
Hydrochloric acid : An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, a strong monoprotic acid. It is used in metal treatment, chemical manufacture, and laboratory analysis.
Carboxylic acid : An organic compound containing a carboxyl group, –COOH, that can donate a proton. Carboxylic acids exemplify organic acids commonly contrasted with mineral acids.
Lewis acid–base theory : A theory defining acids as electron-pair acceptors and bases as electron-pair donors. It extends acid–base descriptions beyond proton transfer.
Weak acid : An acid that ionizes only partially in dilute aqueous solution. Some inorganic acids, such as phosphoric acid, ionize in stages and are not strong at every stage.
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