Mineral water

Mineral water is water containing dissolved mineral salts, commonly sourced from springs and sold bottled for drinking. Its mineral composition varies by source and may affect taste.

Groundwater: Water held beneath Earth's surface in soil pores and rock fractures. Many mineral waters begin as groundwater moving through mineral-bearing rock.
Aquifer: A permeable underground layer of rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater. The aquifer is the underground reservoir from which many mineral springs emerge.
Bottled water: Drinking water packaged in bottles for sale or distribution. Mineral water is one category within the broader bottled-water market.
Purified water: Water treated to remove contaminants and dissolved substances to a specified degree. Purification generally reduces dissolved minerals, unlike mineral water's characteristic mineral content.
Mineral: A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a characteristic chemical composition and crystal structure. Mineral water acquires dissolved constituents as water contacts mineral-bearing rocks.
Water-rock interaction: Chemical and physical processes through which water alters rock and acquires dissolved constituents. These reactions give mineral water much of its source-specific chemical profile.
Sparkling water: Water containing dissolved carbon dioxide that produces bubbles when released. Mineral water may be naturally or artificially carbonated, but carbonation alone does not make water mineral.
Tap water: Water delivered through a public or private distribution system for household use. Tap water may contain minerals too, but its source and regulatory category differ from bottled mineral water.
Total dissolved solids: The combined concentration of dissolved substances in a liquid, commonly reported in milligrams per liter. This measurement summarizes the dissolved material contributing to mineral water's composition.
Carbon dioxide: A colorless gas that dissolves in water and forms carbonic acid in equilibrium with it. Natural or added carbon dioxide can make mineral water effervescent and alter acidity.

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