Misgendering

Misgendering is using language that assigns someone a gender different from their identity, such as using the wrong pronouns, name, or gendered title.

Personal pronoun: A grammatical form, such as she, he, or they, used to refer to a person. Using pronouns that conflict with someone's identity is a common form of misgendering.
Gender dysphoria: Distress that may arise from incongruence between a person's gender identity and sex characteristics or social gender. Being addressed in ways that contradict one's identity can intensify gender-related distress.
Gender-inclusive language: Language choices that acknowledge people of different genders and avoid unnecessary gender assumptions. It offers practical ways to reduce misgendering in speech and writing.
Accidental misgendering: Using language that misgenders someone unintentionally, often through habit or mistaken assumptions. It differs from deliberate misgendering in intent, though its impact can still matter.
Deadnaming: Using a transgender or nonbinary person's former name without their consent. A former name can carry a gender assignment the person no longer accepts.
Minority stress: Chronic stress arising from stigma, prejudice, and discrimination experienced by members of marginalized groups. Repeated misgendering can become a recurring source of stigma-related stress.
Pronoun introduction: A practice of sharing one's pronouns to make forms of address explicit. Voluntary introductions can clarify pronouns without requiring anyone to disclose them.
Deliberate misgendering: Intentionally using language that assigns someone a gender contrary to their identity. Intentional refusal to use someone's terms is distinct from an unintentional mistake.
Gendered language: Words and grammatical forms that mark or imply gender. Misgendering often occurs through gender distinctions embedded in everyday language.
Psychological safety: A sense that interpersonal risks can be taken without fear of humiliation or punishment. Correct forms of address can help make interactions safer and more respectful.

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