Mishnah

The Mishnah is the foundational compilation of Jewish oral law, redacted around the beginning of the third century CE. Its six orders organize teachings on ritual, civil law, agriculture, and other subjects.

Oral Torah: In Jewish tradition, the Oral Torah is the body of interpretation and teaching transmitted alongside the written Torah. The Mishnah is the earliest major written compilation of this traditionally transmitted body of law.
Gemara: Gemara is the rabbinic discussion and analysis of the Mishnah preserved in the Talmud. It examines the Mishnah’s language, sources, logic, and practical implications.
Judah ha-Nasi: Judah ha-Nasi was a prominent second-century rabbi traditionally credited with redacting the Mishnah. Rabbinic tradition associates his leadership with the compilation’s final form.
Shabbat (Talmud): Shabbat is a Mishnah tractate addressing Sabbath observance, including prohibited forms of labor. It shows how the compilation turns broad ritual obligations into specific legal categories.
Jerusalem Talmud: The Jerusalem Talmud is a late antique rabbinic work containing the Mishnah and discussions of it, compiled in Roman Palestine. It is one of the two major Talmudic commentarial traditions built around the Mishnah.
Tannaim: Tannaim were the rabbinic sages whose teachings form the core of the Mishnah and related early rabbinic works. Their attributed debates and rulings make up much of the Mishnah’s material.
Talmud: The Talmud is a foundational rabbinic work comprising the Mishnah and its associated Gemara. The Mishnah is the shared core around which the two Talmuds are built.
Second Temple Judaism: Second Temple Judaism is the diverse religious and social life of Jews from the rebuilding of the Temple to its destruction in 70 CE. Many legal traditions preserved in the Mishnah developed before the Temple’s destruction.
Bava Kamma: Bava Kamma is a Mishnah tractate concerning damages, personal injury, and related civil liabilities. Its rulings illustrate the Mishnah’s treatment of disputes and responsibility.
Babylonian Talmud: The Babylonian Talmud is a late antique rabbinic work containing the Mishnah and extensive discussions, compiled in Babylonia. Its analysis of the Mishnah became especially influential in later Jewish learning and law.

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