Mithridates II of Parthia

Mithridates II ruled the Parthian Empire from about 124 to 91 BCE, consolidating its eastern frontier and extending its power into Armenia and Mesopotamia.

Parthian Empire: An Iranian empire that ruled much of West and Central Asia from the third century BCE to the third century CE. Mithridates II strengthened this empire and extended its influence westward.
Phraates II: A Parthian king who ruled from about 132 to 127 BCE and died fighting eastern invaders. His death opened the succession crisis that preceded Mithridates II’s accession.
Tigranes II: The Armenian king who expanded his kingdom into a major power in the first century BCE. Mithridates II’s intervention helped place Tigranes on Armenia’s throne.
Parthian coinage: The coins issued by Parthian rulers, often bearing royal portraits and Greek or Parthian inscriptions. Coins attributed to Mithridates II document his titles, image, and royal authority.
Parthian chronology: The reconstruction of dates and reigns in the history of the Parthian Empire. Uncertain regnal dates complicate the precise chronology of Mithridates II’s rule.
Armenia: A historic region and kingdom in the southern Caucasus and Armenian Highlands. Mithridates II brought Armenia into Parthian political orbit through intervention and diplomacy.
Artabanus I of Parthia: A Parthian king who ruled briefly after Phraates II and died during conflict with eastern nomads. His short reign separated Phraates II’s rule from Mithridates II’s.
Lucius Cornelius Sulla: A Roman general and statesman who served as consul and dictator in the first century BCE. As Roman envoy, Sulla met a Parthian representative during Mithridates II’s reign.
Parthian royal titulature: The titles and honorifics used by Parthian kings to express their political authority. Mithridates II’s inscriptions and coin legends reflect the development of Parthian kingship.
Parthian historiography: The study and reconstruction of Parthian history from textual, numismatic, and archaeological evidence. Few surviving Parthian narratives mean his reign is reconstructed from scattered sources.

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Tigranes the GreatRelated: Tigranes was reportedly held at the Parthian court before gaining the throne with a territorial concession.