Mohism

Mohism was an ancient Chinese philosophical school founded by Mozi. It advocated impartial concern for people, rule by worthy officials, practical standards for judging ideas, and opposition to aggressive warfare.

Mozi: Mozi was an ancient Chinese philosopher traditionally regarded as the founder of Mohism. His teachings and attributed writings provide the school’s starting point.
Three tests of doctrine: The three tests are Mohist criteria that assess doctrines by their historical basis, observable evidence, and practical benefit. They explain how Mohists proposed evaluating competing teachings.
Confucianism: Confucianism is a Chinese philosophical tradition emphasizing ritual, cultivated virtue, and ethically ordered relationships. Mohists criticized Confucian ritual practices and the partial obligations they associated with them.
Warring States period: The Warring States period was an era of conflict among Chinese states, conventionally dated from 475 to 221 BCE. Mohist proposals addressed the warfare and political instability of its setting.
Jian ai: Jian ai is the Mohist principle of extending concern and practical care impartially to all people. This principle anchors Mohism’s challenge to partial, family-centered ethics.
Meritocracy: Meritocracy is a system that assigns offices or rewards according to ability and achievement. Mohist political theory promotes appointing capable people rather than favoring hereditary status.
Mencius: Mencius was a Confucian philosopher who argued that human nature contains beginnings of moral goodness. His defense of graded care differs from the Mohist demand for impartial concern.
Hundred Schools of Thought: The Hundred Schools of Thought is a name for the diverse intellectual traditions that flourished in ancient China during the Zhou dynasty’s later centuries. Mohism developed among the competing schools that sought to guide political and social order.
Consequentialism: Consequentialism is the ethical view that actions should be judged by their outcomes. Mohist arguments often assess practices by whether they benefit people and the state.
Frugality: Frugality is the restraint of unnecessary spending and consumption. Mohists apply it to funerals, music, and state expenditure they consider socially unproductive.

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