Moldavia

Moldavia was a historical principality between the Carpathians and the Dniester. Its lands are now divided chiefly between Romania and the Republic of Moldova.

Bogdan I of Moldavia: A ruler traditionally regarded as the founder of independent Moldavia in the fourteenth century. His revolt against Hungarian rule established the principality's independence.
Voivode: A title for a military commander or ruler in parts of eastern and southeastern Europe. Moldavia's prince held the title voivode.
Bessarabia: A historical region between the Prut and Dniester rivers, now divided chiefly between Moldova and Ukraine. Russian annexation of Bessarabia in 1812 detached a large eastern part of Moldavia.
Romania: A country in southeastern Europe formed through the union of Moldavia and Wallachia and later territorial expansion. Most western Moldavian lands became part of Romania.
Moldavian Voivodeship: The medieval polity ruled by voivodes that developed into the Principality of Moldavia. The voivodeship was the political foundation of Moldavia.
Boyar: A member of the privileged landholding aristocracy in several eastern European societies. Moldavian boyars influenced succession, government, and landholding.
Union of Moldavia and Wallachia: The 1859 political union of two principalities under Alexandru Ioan Cuza, a foundation of modern Romania. The union incorporated western Moldavia into the emerging Romanian state.
Moldova: A landlocked country between Romania and Ukraine, occupying much of the former Bessarabia. The modern republic preserves the name and much of Moldavia's eastern territory.
Kingdom of Hungary: A Central European kingdom that ruled large territories from the eleventh century until its partition in 1526. Moldavia emerged beyond Hungarian authority after conflict with the kingdom.
Ottoman suzerainty: A relationship in which a polity retains internal rule while acknowledging Ottoman supremacy and obligations. Moldavia kept local rulers while paying tribute and recognizing Ottoman authority.

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