Knowra Molecular biology Molecular biology Molecular biology studies biological processes through the molecules that carry, express, and regulate genetic information, especially DNA, RNA, and proteins.
DNA replication : The process by which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two DNA molecules. It explains how molecular information is passed to daughter cells.
DNA : A nucleic acid that stores hereditary information in most organisms. Its sequence is the principal information-bearing substrate in molecular biology.
Oswald Avery : A Canadian-American physician and researcher who helped identify DNA as the hereditary material in bacteria. His transformation experiments linked DNA to inherited biological traits.
Recombinant DNA : DNA formed by joining genetic material from different sources. Its construction underlies many engineered organisms and molecular research tools.
Cell biology : The study of cells, including their structures, functions, and interactions. It emphasizes cellular organization, while molecular biology focuses on molecules and their interactions.
Transcription : The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase. It converts DNA sequences into RNA molecules that can be used or regulated.
RNA : A nucleic acid involved in gene expression, regulation, and other cellular functions. Different RNA molecules carry, interpret, and regulate genetic information.
Hershey–Chase experiment : A 1952 bacteriophage experiment showing that DNA, rather than protein, enters bacteria during infection. It provided influential evidence that DNA carries genetic information.
DNA sequencing : The determination of the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. Sequence data reveal genes, mutations, and evolutionary relationships.
Biochemistry : The study of chemical substances and reactions in living organisms. Its focus on chemical reactions overlaps with, but is not identical to, molecular biology.
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