Momentum

Momentum is the product of a body's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity conserved in isolated systems.

Newton's Second Law: Newton's second law relates an object's net force to its rate of change of momentum. It specifies how a net force changes momentum over time.
Mass: Mass measures an object's inertia and its contribution to gravitational interactions. Mass sets how much momentum a given velocity represents.
Rocket Equation: The rocket equation relates a rocket's velocity change to its exhaust speed and mass ratio. Rocket thrust follows from momentum carried away by expelled propellant.
Force: Force is an interaction that changes an object's momentum or motion. Force causes momentum change rather than measuring the motion itself.
Impulse: Impulse is the change in momentum produced by a force acting over time. It measures momentum change during a force interaction.
Velocity: Velocity is the rate of change of position, including direction. Momentum points in the direction of velocity and scales with its magnitude.
Ballistic Pendulum: A ballistic pendulum measures projectile speed from the motion after an inelastic impact. Its analysis uses momentum conservation during the projectile's collision with the pendulum.
Linear Momentum: Linear momentum is the vector quantity equal to mass times translational velocity. It names this form explicitly in contexts that also discuss angular momentum.
Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant through its interactions. It describes the defining conservation property of momentum.
Vector: A vector is a quantity with magnitude and direction, represented by components or an arrow. Momentum's direction makes vector addition essential when combining bodies' motion.

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