Mongol invasions of the Levant

A series of Mongol campaigns into the Levant during the thirteenth century, bringing Mongol forces into conflict with the Mamluk Sultanate.

Battle of Ain Jalut: A 1260 battle in Palestine in which Mamluk forces defeated a Mongol army. This decisive encounter halted the first major Mongol advance into the Levant.
Mongol Empire: The empire founded by Genghis Khan that became the largest contiguous land empire in history. Its westward expansion brought Mongol armies into the Middle East.
Baibars: A Mamluk sultan and military commander who ruled Egypt and Syria from 1260 to 1277. He consolidated Mamluk power after Ain Jalut and campaigned against Mongol allies.
Mamluk–Ilkhanid War: A prolonged conflict between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Ilkhanate from the thirteenth to early fourteenth century. The Levantine invasions were its central theater and most visible expression.
Kitbuqa: A Mongol general who commanded forces in the Levant before his defeat at Ain Jalut. His command connected Mongol occupation of Syria to the battle’s outcome.
Siege of Baghdad (1258): The 1258 Mongol capture and destruction of Baghdad, then the Abbasid caliphate’s capital. The conquest cleared the way for Hulagu’s advance toward Syria.
Qutuz: A Mamluk sultan who led Egypt during the 1260 campaign against the Mongols. His leadership brought the Mamluk army to Ain Jalut.
Treaty of Aleppo (1323): A treaty that ended hostilities between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Ilkhanate in 1323. It formalized the end of the invasion cycle and stabilized their frontier.
Hulagu Khan: A Mongol ruler who led campaigns across western Asia and founded the Ilkhanate. His Syrian campaign began the occupation that the Mamluks challenged.
Ilkhanate: A Mongol-ruled state in Iran and neighboring lands founded by Hulagu Khan. It became the western power repeatedly contesting Syria with the Mamluks.

Linked from 5 pages