Mongolian shamanism

Mongolian shamanism comprises traditions in which ritual specialists engage spirits and ancestors to address illness, misfortune, and communal needs. Its practices vary across Mongolian communities and have changed through religious and political history.

Böö: A Mongolian shamanic ritual specialist who communicates with spirits through ceremony. The böö conducts rituals and mediates between human communities and spirits.
Tengrism: A modern scholarly term for religious traditions centered on Tengri, the Eternal Blue Sky, among Turkic and Mongolic peoples. Mongolian shamanic practice is often discussed in relation to older sky-centered traditions.
Mongolian shamans: Ritual specialists in Mongolian communities who work with spirits through ceremonies and divination. Their roles and training shape how shamanic traditions are practiced.
Shamanic healing: Ritual practices intended to address illness or distress through spiritual diagnosis and intervention. Healing is one setting in which shamans interpret and respond to spiritual causes of suffering.
Religious repression in Mongolia: State campaigns that restricted religious institutions and practice in Mongolia, especially under socialist rule. Repression interrupted transmission and reshaped the conditions for shamanic practice.
Ongon: A spirit or ancestral presence honored or engaged in Mongolian shamanic practice. Ongon are among the beings addressed through ritual and inherited spiritual relationships.
Mongol Empire: The empire founded by Genghis Khan in the early thirteenth century, which became the largest contiguous land empire in history. Imperial expansion reshaped the religious landscape across Mongol societies.
Darkhad people: A Mongolic ethnic group associated particularly with the region around Lake Khövsgöl in northern Mongolia. Darkhad communities are known for distinctive shamanic practices and histories.
Divination: Practices for seeking knowledge about hidden causes or future events through signs, objects, or ritual. Divination can identify spiritual agents or circumstances behind a problem.
Religious revival in post-socialist Mongolia: The renewed public practice of religions in Mongolia after the end of socialist rule. Shamanism became more publicly visible as religious activity revived after 1990.

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