Mongolic languages

Mongolic is a language family spoken across parts of Asia, including Mongolian and languages such as Buryat, Kalmyk, and Oirat.

Mongolian language: The largest and most widely spoken language in the Mongolic family. Its national standard and regional varieties anchor the family’s best-known branch.
Mongolic phonology: The sound systems and sound patterns found across Mongolic languages. Vowel harmony and other sound patterns help compare varieties across the family.
Middle Mongol: The historical stage of Mongolian documented in texts from roughly the thirteenth through the sixteenth centuries. Its records offer early evidence for Mongolian’s place within the family.
Turkic languages: A language family spoken across a broad belt from northeastern Siberia to southeastern Europe. Long contact between Turkic and Mongolic speakers produced extensive lexical and cultural exchange.
Buryat language: A Mongolic language spoken mainly in Russia’s Buryatia and neighboring areas. Buryat is a distinct northern Mongolic language with a substantial literary tradition.
Mongolic grammar: The grammatical structures shared across Mongolic languages, including agglutinative morphology and predominantly suffixing word formation. Its recurring grammatical patterns provide evidence for relationships among the languages.
Secret History of the Mongols: A thirteenth-century Mongolian chronicle and the oldest substantial literary work in Mongolian. Its language preserves a major early witness to Mongolic linguistic history.
Tungusic languages: A language family spoken in northeastern Asia, including languages such as Evenki and Manchu. Tungusic languages share a region and contact history with several Mongolic languages.
Kalmyk language: A Mongolic language spoken chiefly by the Kalmyk people in southwestern Russia. Kalmyk represents the Oirat branch far to the west of most Mongolic languages.
Mongolian script: A vertical script traditionally used to write Mongolian and several other Mongolic languages. Its use across languages links the family’s written history to a distinctive script tradition.

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