Mood disorder

A mental disorder marked by persistent disturbances in mood, including depressive and bipolar disorders. These disturbances can affect thought, behavior, relationships, and daily functioning.

Mood: A sustained emotional state that influences how a person experiences and responds to events. Mood disorders involve persistent changes in this broader emotional state.
Circadian rhythm: An approximately 24-hour cycle regulating biological processes, including sleep and hormone release. Disrupted daily rhythms can accompany mood episodes and influence their timing.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: A diagnostic classification manual published by the American Psychiatric Association. It defines criteria clinicians use to classify depressive and bipolar disorders.
Anxiety disorder: A mental disorder involving excessive fear, anxiety, or related behavioral disturbance. Anxiety may accompany mood disorders but is not the defining disturbance.
Major depressive disorder: A disorder involving episodes of depressed mood or loss of interest, alongside other symptoms and impairment. It is a common depressive disorder within this category.
Sleep and mental health: The reciprocal relationship between sleep patterns and psychological well-being. Sleep changes can signal mood episodes and intensify emotional symptoms.
International Classification of Diseases: The World Health Organization's system for classifying diseases and health conditions. Its diagnostic codes support clinical records and health statistics across countries.
Schizophrenia: A mental disorder involving psychosis, disorganization, and changes in motivation or cognition. Psychotic symptoms can occur in mood episodes, but schizophrenia has a distinct course and criteria.
Bipolar disorder: A group of disorders involving episodes of mania or hypomania and, often, depression. It represents the category’s alternating elevated and depressive mood episodes.
Stress-diathesis model: A model in which vulnerability and environmental stress interact to produce disorder. It helps explain why stress affects people with differing underlying vulnerabilities.

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