Moog synthesizer

A family of electronic musical instruments developed by Moog Music that generate and shape sound using voltage-controlled circuits. Moog instruments helped establish the voltage-controlled modular synthesizer as a practical musical instrument.

Voltage-controlled oscillator: An electronic oscillator whose output frequency changes in response to an applied control voltage. It generates the pitched waveforms that form the starting point of many Moog sounds.
Robert Moog: American engineer and inventor who developed influential voltage-controlled synthesizers and founded Moog Music. His work turned modular electronic circuits into instruments designed for musicians.
Switched-On Bach: Wendy Carlos's 1968 album of Johann Sebastian Bach performed on a Moog modular synthesizer. Its commercial success brought the Moog synthesizer to a broad audience.
Buchla synthesizer: A family of modular electronic instruments developed by Don Buchla, often designed without a conventional keyboard. Buchla's experimental control interfaces differed from Moog's keyboard-centered approach.
Voltage-controlled filter: An electronic filter whose frequency response changes in response to a control voltage. Moog's resonant low-pass filters became a defining way to shape oscillator tones.
Herbert Deutsch: American composer and educator who collaborated with Robert Moog on the development of early Moog synthesizers. His requests as a composer helped shape the instrument's keyboard and musical controls.
Wendy Carlos: American composer and electronic musician known for albums including Switched-On Bach. Her recordings demonstrated the Moog as a precise instrument for arranged music.
ARP 2600: A semi-modular analog synthesizer introduced by ARP Instruments in 1971. It offered a competing American design that combined normalled connections with patchability.
Envelope generator: A circuit that produces a changing control signal, commonly shaped by attack, decay, sustain, and release stages. It controls how a Moog sound evolves after a key is pressed.
R. A. Moog Co.: The company Robert Moog founded in 1953 to manufacture electronic musical instruments and kits. It was the original business behind the instruments later known as Moog synthesizers.

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