Moraine

A moraine is an accumulation of rock and sediment transported or deposited by a glacier. Its material and shape record processes at or beneath the ice.

Glacier: A persistent mass of ice that forms on land and moves under its own weight. Glaciers transport the debris that accumulates in moraines.
Lateral moraine: A ridge of debris deposited along the side of a glacier. It forms where debris carried at a glacier's edge is left behind.
Glacial chronology: The dating and sequencing of past glacial advances and retreats. Moraine ages establish when glacier margins occupied particular positions.
Moraine and glacial lake in the Himalayas: A high-altitude lake held back in part by a ridge of glacial debris. Himalayan moraine-dammed lakes illustrate how retreating ice leaves unstable barriers.
Glacial till: Unsorted sediment deposited directly by glacier ice, ranging from clay to boulders. Till is the unsorted material that commonly makes up moraines.
Medial moraine: A debris ridge running down a glacier where two ice streams merge. It forms when adjoining lateral moraines meet as glaciers join.
Cosmogenic nuclide dating: A method that dates exposed rock by measuring nuclides produced by cosmic rays. It can estimate when boulders on moraine ridges became exposed.
Long Island: An island in southeastern New York formed largely from glacial deposits. Its landforms include deposits associated with the terminal margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Glacial erosion: The wearing away of rock by moving glacier ice and the debris it carries. Erosion supplies rock fragments that glaciers later deposit.
Terminal moraine: A ridge of sediment marking a glacier's farthest advance or a prolonged halt. It records the glacier's maximum or sustained former position.

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