Moral judgment

A moral judgment evaluates an action, person, or outcome as right, wrong, permissible, or blameworthy. It can express a verdict, an obligation, or an assessment of character.

Moral responsibility: The condition of being answerable for conduct and appropriately subject to moral praise or blame. Blame judgments depend on whether an agent is responsible for the act.
Dual-process theory: A family of models distinguishing rapid, intuitive processing from slower, controlled reasoning. It offers one account of the interaction between intuition and deliberation in moral evaluation.
Moral realism: The view that at least some moral claims are true independently of people’s beliefs or attitudes. It treats moral judgments as capable of describing objective moral facts.
Trolley problem: A thought experiment asking whether to divert a runaway trolley to save five people at the cost of one life. Its variations test which features change judgments about harming and saving.
Moral disagreement: Persistent conflict between people or groups over moral claims, principles, or practices. Its persistence raises questions about whether disagreement reflects error, values, or different evidence.
Moral reasoning: The process of using reasons to form or revise judgments about what is morally right or wrong. It describes how people support and reconsider moral verdicts.
Social intuitionist model: Jonathan Haidt’s model in which moral judgments usually arise from intuition, with reasoning often supplying later justification. It predicts that reasons commonly follow rather than produce moral verdicts.
Moral anti-realism: The view that moral claims do not describe stance-independent moral facts. It rejects the realist account of what makes moral judgments true.
Doctrine of double effect: The principle that causing harm as a foreseen side effect can differ morally from intending harm as a means. It distinguishes intention from consequence in judgments about harmful acts.
Moral progress: A genuine improvement in moral understanding, conduct, or institutions over time. Claims of progress require standards for judging moral change.

Linked from 24 pages