Moro Islamic Liberation Front

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) is a Philippine political organization that fought for Bangsamoro self-determination and now participates in governing the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.

Moro National Liberation Front: A Philippine organization founded in 1972 that led an armed campaign for Moro self-determination. The MILF split from this movement in the late 1970s over leadership and strategy.
Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro: The 2014 peace agreement between the Philippine government and the MILF establishing a framework for Bangsamoro autonomy. It set the terms for ending the MILF insurgency and creating a self-governing region.
Salamat Hashim: The founding chairman of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, who led it until his death in 2003. His break with the MNLF and leadership shaped the MILF’s identity and negotiating position.
Abu Sayyaf: A Philippine militant group associated with kidnappings and attacks, designated a terrorist organization by several governments. Unlike the MILF, it did not become a principal signatory to the Bangsamoro peace process.
Mamasapano clash: A 2015 armed encounter in Mamasapano, Maguindanao, that killed 44 Philippine police officers and civilians and fighters. The clash strained public support for the peace process and delayed legislation implementing the agreement.
Bangsamoro: A collective identity encompassing the Muslim peoples and homeland of the southern Philippines. The MILF’s political project is rooted in Bangsamoro identity and self-determination.
Bangsamoro Organic Law: The 2018 Philippine law that established the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. It translated the peace agreement into the region’s legal and institutional framework.
Murad Ebrahim: A founding MILF leader who became its chairman and the first chief minister of the Bangsamoro region. He led the movement through the final peace negotiations and into regional governance.
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters: An armed group formed by former MILF members who rejected the peace process and its compromises. Its continued insurgency shows opposition within the Moro armed movement to the MILF’s negotiated settlement.
Bangsamoro parliamentary system: A regional system in which an elected parliament selects a chief minister to lead the Bangsamoro government. It gives institutional form to the self-government created through the MILF peace process.

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