Morphine

Morphine is a potent opioid alkaloid found in the opium poppy. It relieves severe pain chiefly by activating opioid receptors in the nervous system.

Mu-opioid receptor: A G protein-coupled receptor that mediates many effects of endogenous opioids and opioid drugs. Morphine produces much of its pain relief by activating this receptor.
Cancer pain: Pain caused by cancer or its treatment, ranging from intermittent symptoms to persistent severe pain. Morphine is commonly used when cancer pain requires a strong opioid.
Opium: A dried latex obtained from the opium poppy, containing several pharmacologically active alkaloids. Morphine is the principal analgesic alkaloid in this plant product.
Codeine: An opioid alkaloid found in opium and used as an analgesic and cough suppressant. Codeine is less potent and partly relies on conversion to morphine for analgesia.
Opioid use disorder: A medical condition involving a problematic pattern of opioid use that causes clinically significant impairment or distress. Morphine can lead to opioid use disorder, though dependence and disorder are not identical.
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: A paradoxical increase in pain sensitivity associated with opioid exposure. It shows that opioid exposure can sometimes heighten pain rather than suppress it.
Palliative care: Care that improves quality of life for people facing serious illness through symptom relief and support. Morphine can relieve severe pain and breathlessness in palliative settings.
Papaver somniferum: The opium poppy, a flowering plant cultivated for its seeds and alkaloid-rich latex. Its latex is the natural source from which morphine is obtained.
Fentanyl: A synthetic opioid substantially more potent by weight than morphine and used in anesthesia and pain treatment. Its much greater potency changes dosing and overdose risks compared with morphine.
Opioid overdose: A toxic reaction to opioids that can cause unconsciousness, respiratory depression, and death. Morphine overdose is dangerous chiefly because it can stop effective breathing.

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