Knowra Morris Chang Morris Chang Morris Chang is a Taiwanese-American engineer and entrepreneur who founded Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and pioneered the dedicated semiconductor foundry model.
Semiconductor fabrication : The industrial process of manufacturing integrated circuits on semiconductor wafers. Chang built a company devoted to manufacturing chips designed by other firms.
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company : A Taiwanese semiconductor company that manufactures chips for customers and is the world’s largest dedicated foundry. Chang founded TSMC in 1987 to make the pure-play foundry model work at industrial scale.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology : A private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, known for science, engineering, and technology. Chang earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in mechanical engineering there.
Chiang Ching-kuo : President of the Republic of China from 1978 to 1988, during Taiwan’s rapid industrial development. His government backed the industrial strategy that brought Chang to Taiwan to lead ITRI.
Intel : An American semiconductor company that designs and manufactures processors and other chips. Intel’s historically integrated approach contrasts with TSMC’s manufacturing for independent customers.
Semiconductor foundry : A company that manufactures semiconductor devices, often from designs supplied by other companies. This business model became the foundation of Chang’s most consequential venture.
Semiconductor industry : The global industry that designs, manufactures, and sells semiconductor devices and materials. Chang’s model reorganized relationships among chip designers, manufacturers, and suppliers.
Stanford University : A private research university in California’s Silicon Valley. Chang completed a doctorate in electrical engineering at Stanford in 1964.
Robert Noyce : An American physicist and entrepreneur who co-invented the integrated circuit and co-founded Intel. Noyce helped establish the semiconductor industry Chang entered during his years at Texas Instruments.
Samsung Electronics : A South Korean electronics company and major producer of memory and logic semiconductors. Samsung competes in contract chip manufacturing while also selling products that use its own chips.
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