Moscow Kremlin

A fortified complex in central Moscow containing palaces, churches, museums, and the historic center of Russian government.

Kremlin Wall: The brick defensive wall enclosing Moscow’s historic Kremlin complex. Its circuit defines the fortified boundary of the complex.
Moscow: The capital and largest city of Russia, situated on the Moskva River. The Kremlin developed at the center of the city that grew around it.
President of Russia: The head of state of the Russian Federation, elected under the country’s constitutional system. The Kremlin houses the president’s official workplace and central administration.
Grand Duchy of Moscow: A medieval Russian principality that grew around Moscow and became a foundation of the Russian state. The Kremlin was its fortified political and dynastic center.
Kremlin towers: The towers built into the Kremlin’s defensive walls, including gates, watchtowers, and ceremonial structures. Their varied forms mark entrances and punctuate the enclosing wall.
Dmitry Donskoy: A fourteenth-century prince of Moscow remembered for resisting Mongol rule and expanding Moscow’s influence. His reign saw the Kremlin’s earlier wooden defenses replaced with white-stone walls.
Senate Palace: An eighteenth-century neoclassical building inside the Kremlin, now used as the Russian presidential administration’s principal workplace. Its offices make the historic complex an active government site.
Tsardom of Russia: The Russian state ruled by tsars from the sixteenth century until Peter the Great proclaimed the empire in 1721. The Kremlin’s coronations and ceremonies helped stage tsarist authority.
Cathedral Square: The historic square inside the Kremlin surrounded by major Orthodox churches and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. It gathers the complex’s principal medieval religious buildings.
Ivan III of Russia: The grand prince of Moscow who consolidated Russian territories and helped establish a centralized state. He rebuilt the Kremlin as a monumental seat of the expanding state.

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