Mosul

Mosul is a major city in northern Iraq on the western bank of the Tigris River. It is a regional center whose history and modern life reflect its position between the river, northern Mesopotamia, and surrounding trade routes.

Nineveh: An ancient Assyrian city whose archaeological remains lie across the Tigris from modern Mosul. Nineveh’s ruins and heritage are inseparable from Mosul’s location and historical identity.
Great Mosque of al-Nuri: A historic mosque in Mosul, known for its leaning minaret and destruction during the 2017 battle for the city. Its minaret became one of Mosul’s most recognizable landmarks before its destruction.
Iraqi Turkmen: A Turkic-speaking ethnic community native to Iraq, with historic populations in Mosul and other northern cities. Turkmen residents form part of Mosul’s longstanding cultural mosaic.
Islamic State: A jihadist organization that controlled territory in Iraq and Syria and declared a caliphate in 2014. The group captured Mosul in 2014 and imposed rule until Iraqi forces retook the city.
Tigris: A major river of the Middle East that flows through Turkey and Iraq before joining the Euphrates. The Tigris runs through Mosul and divides its eastern and western banks.
Assyrian Empire: An ancient empire centered in northern Mesopotamia that dominated much of the Near East. The region around Mosul was a core landscape of Assyrian power.
Al-Hadba Minaret: The distinctive leaning minaret of Mosul’s Great Mosque of al-Nuri, destroyed in 2017. Its local name, meaning “the hunchback,” recalls the landmark that defined the city skyline.
Assyrian people: An indigenous Christian people of the Middle East who speak or identify with modern Aramaic traditions. Assyrians have historic communities in Mosul and the surrounding Nineveh Plain.
Iraq War: The 2003 invasion of Iraq and the ensuing conflict that toppled Saddam Hussein’s government. The war and its aftermath transformed Mosul’s security and political environment.
Nineveh Governorate: An administrative governorate in northern Iraq whose capital is Mosul. Mosul anchors this diverse governorate and its surrounding districts.

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