Motherboard

A computer’s main circuit board connects its processor, memory, storage, and peripheral interfaces, coordinating communication among these components.

Central processing unit: The processor that executes instructions and performs calculations in a computer. The motherboard’s processor socket and power delivery connect the CPU to the system.
BIOS: Firmware that initializes computer hardware and starts the process of loading an operating system. BIOS is stored on the motherboard and runs during startup.
Graphics processing unit: A processor designed to accelerate graphics and other highly parallel computations. Motherboard slots and interfaces determine how discrete GPUs connect to a computer.
Backplane: A circuit board that connects multiple circuit boards through shared connectors and pathways. A backplane links separate modules, while a typical motherboard carries core computer components directly.
Random-access memory: Volatile memory that temporarily holds data and instructions used by a computer’s processor. Memory slots connect RAM to the processor through motherboard wiring and controllers.
UEFI: A modern firmware interface between computer hardware and an operating system. UEFI is the common successor to legacy BIOS on contemporary motherboards.
M.2: A specification for compact computer expansion cards and their connectors, commonly used for solid-state storage. M.2 sockets let many motherboards host compact NVMe or SATA drives.
Laptop motherboard: A computer motherboard designed for a laptop’s compact enclosure and integrated components. Laptop boards often use custom layouts and soldered components rather than desktop-style upgrades.
Chipset: A collection of controllers that manages communication between a processor and selected devices. The chipset determines which motherboard connections and features are available.
Voltage regulator module: A circuit that converts and regulates voltage supplied to electronic components. The motherboard’s VRM delivers stable power to the processor and other components.

Linked from 7 pages