Motivational interviewing

Motivational interviewing is a collaborative counseling method that strengthens a person’s own motivation and commitment to change by exploring ambivalence without confrontation.

Change talk: A person’s language expressing desire, ability, reasons, need, or commitment to change. Counselors selectively evoke and reinforce this language to strengthen motivation.
Motivational interviewing in addiction treatment: The use of motivational interviewing to address substance use and support decisions about treatment or change. Substance use treatment is a longstanding setting for the method.
William R. Miller: An American psychologist who helped develop motivational interviewing and coauthored its foundational texts. Miller first described the approach after working with people experiencing alcohol problems.
Cognitive behavioral therapy: A psychotherapy that helps people change unhelpful patterns of thinking and behavior through structured methods. It typically uses more explicit skill training than motivational interviewing alone.
Sustain talk: A person’s language favoring the status quo or expressing reasons not to change. Responding without argument helps keep ambivalence from hardening into resistance.
Motivational interviewing in healthcare: The use of motivational interviewing in clinical conversations about health behavior and treatment decisions. Clinicians use it to discuss changes such as medication adherence or physical activity.
Stephen Rollnick: A British psychologist who helped develop motivational interviewing and extend its use in health care. Rollnick collaborated with Miller to formalize and broaden the method.
Stages of change model: A model describing behavior change through stages such as contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The model is often paired with motivational interviewing, though it is not required by the method.
Ambivalence: The experience of holding conflicting feelings or motivations about a decision or action. Motivational interviewing treats mixed feelings about change as a normal starting point.
Motivational interviewing in criminal justice: The use of motivational interviewing in justice settings to support behavior change and engagement with services. Its autonomy-supportive approach can be used in mandated or otherwise constrained settings.

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