Moxifloxacin

Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes needed for DNA replication and repair.

DNA gyrase: A bacterial enzyme that relieves DNA twisting during replication and transcription. Moxifloxacin inhibits this enzyme, disrupting chromosome replication.
Community-acquired pneumonia: Pneumonia acquired outside hospitals or long-term care facilities. Moxifloxacin is an option for selected cases in adults when appropriate.
Levofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for several respiratory, urinary, and skin infections. It is a related systemic option with different coverage and prescribing considerations.
QT prolongation: Lengthening of the heart’s QT interval, which can increase the risk of dangerous arrhythmias. Moxifloxacin can prolong QT, especially with other risk factors or interacting drugs.
Topoisomerase IV: A bacterial enzyme that separates interlinked daughter chromosomes after DNA replication. Moxifloxacin blocks this second target, preventing chromosome separation.
Acute bacterial sinusitis: A bacterial infection causing inflammation of the nasal sinuses, often following a viral illness. Moxifloxacin may be reserved for cases lacking safer suitable alternatives.
Ciprofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibiotic with strong activity against many Gram-negative bacteria. Its bacterial coverage differs, especially for common respiratory pathogens.
Clostridioides difficile infection: An intestinal infection that can follow disruption of the gut microbiome by antibiotics. Moxifloxacin exposure can contribute to this potentially severe complication.
Fluoroquinolone: A class of synthetic antibiotics that target bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Moxifloxacin belongs to this antibiotic class and shares its core mechanism.
Bacterial conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacterial infection. Topical moxifloxacin eye drops are used for certain bacterial eye infections.

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