Moyamoya disease

Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder in which arteries supplying the brain narrow or become blocked, prompting fragile collateral vessels to develop near their base.

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Internal carotid artery: A major artery that supplies blood to the front and middle portions of the brain. Moyamoya disease typically narrows the terminal portions of these arteries.
Cerebral angiography: Imaging of brain blood vessels using contrast material and X-rays. It can show characteristic arterial stenosis and collateral networks.
Takeuchi and Shimizu: Japanese physicians who published an early description of the vascular disorder in 1957. Their report established an early clinical account of the condition.
Atherosclerosis: A disease in which plaques build up inside arteries and restrict blood flow. It can also narrow cerebral arteries, but has a different underlying vascular process.
Cerebral collateral circulation: Alternative vascular routes that carry blood to brain tissue when primary arteries are inadequate. Fragile collateral networks form as the brain compensates for blocked arteries.
Magnetic resonance angiography: An MRI technique that visualizes blood vessels without catheter-based contrast injection. It helps assess suspected disease and monitor vascular changes.
Suzuki and Takaku: Japanese physicians who introduced the term “moyamoya disease” in 1969. They named the distinctive angiographic appearance of the collateral vessels.
Intracranial arterial dissection: A tear within an artery wall that can obstruct blood flow or cause bleeding. Dissection is another cause of stroke, but does not produce the characteristic moyamoya pattern.
Cerebral ischemia: Insufficient blood flow to brain tissue, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients. Progressive narrowing can reduce blood supply and cause ischemic injury.
Cerebral perfusion imaging: Imaging methods that measure blood flow through brain tissue. Perfusion studies help identify regions vulnerable to reduced circulation.