Mozambique

Mozambique is a country on southeastern Africa’s Indian Ocean coast, bordered by six countries. Its long coastline and the Zambezi River shape its geography, trade, and settlement.

Maputo: Maputo is Mozambique’s capital and largest city, on the country’s southern coast. The capital concentrates national government, commerce, and cultural institutions.
Portuguese Mozambique: Portuguese Mozambique was the Portuguese colonial territory that preceded the independent state. Its colonial institutions and boundaries shaped the country inherited at independence.
Port of Maputo: The Port of Maputo is a major seaport serving southern Mozambique and neighboring inland economies. Its rail and road links make the country a gateway for regional trade.
Cyclone Idai: Cyclone Idai was a destructive tropical cyclone that struck Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe in March 2019. Its catastrophic flooding exposed the country’s vulnerability to extreme storms.
Zambezi River: The Zambezi is a major African river that flows east through Mozambique to the Indian Ocean. Its valley links inland regions to the coast and supports hydropower and agriculture.
FRELIMO: FRELIMO is the political movement that led Mozambique’s independence struggle and has governed the country since independence. Its armed campaign against Portuguese rule established the movement that became the ruling party.
Cahora Bassa Dam: Cahora Bassa is a large hydroelectric dam on the Zambezi River in western Mozambique. Its electricity supports domestic supply and exports to neighboring countries.
Cyclone Freddy: Cyclone Freddy was a long-lived tropical cyclone that caused severe flooding in Mozambique and Madagascar in 2023. Repeated landfalls tested disaster response and recovery in central and southern Mozambique.
Mozambique Channel: The Mozambique Channel is the western arm of the Indian Ocean between Madagascar and mainland southeastern Africa. It defines Mozambique’s maritime setting and connects its ports to regional sea routes.
Mozambican War of Independence: The Mozambican War of Independence was an armed struggle against Portuguese rule from 1964 to 1974. The conflict ended colonial rule and paved the way for independence in 1975.

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