Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Gaddafi was a Libyan revolutionary and political leader who ruled Libya from 1969 until his overthrow and death in 2011.

Libyan coup d'état: The 1969 military coup that ended Libya’s monarchy and brought Gaddafi to power. Gaddafi led the officers who overthrew King Idris and established a republic.
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: The state Gaddafi proclaimed in 1977, formally organized around popular congresses and committees. Its institutions gave official form to Gaddafi’s claim of direct popular rule.
Libyan Civil War: The 2011 armed conflict between Gaddafi’s government and forces seeking to overthrow it. The uprising escalated into the war that ended his rule.
Libya–United States relations: The diplomatic and political relationship between Libya and the United States. Relations shifted from confrontation and sanctions toward rapprochement before Gaddafi’s fall.
Abdul Salam Jalloud: A Libyan military officer who helped lead the 1969 coup and served as Gaddafi’s close associate. Jalloud was among the most influential figures in the early revolutionary government.
Idris of Libya: Idris was Libya’s king from independence in 1951 until his overthrow in 1969. The monarchy Gaddafi displaced had governed Libya for eighteen years.
Third International Theory: Gaddafi’s political doctrine, presented as an alternative to capitalism and communism. The Green Book set out the ideology used to justify his political system.
2011 Libyan revolution: The uprising that began in Libya in February 2011 and toppled Gaddafi’s government. Protests against his government developed into a nationwide revolt.
Libya–United Kingdom relations: The diplomatic relationship between Libya and the United Kingdom. The relationship moved from hostility over state-sponsored violence to renewed engagement.
Saif al-Islam Gaddafi: A son of Muammar Gaddafi who became a prominent political figure in Libya. He was widely viewed as a possible successor and advocated limited reform before 2011.

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