Mudflow

A rapid downslope movement of water-saturated soil, sediment, and debris. Heavy rain, snowmelt, or volcanic activity can trigger it.

Debris flow: A rapid flow of water mixed with soil, rock, and other debris, moving downslope as a dense slurry. Mudflows are commonly treated as a fine-grained type of debris flow.
Rain-triggered landslide: A slope failure initiated when rainfall raises water content and weakens soil or rock. Intense rain can saturate slopes and initiate mudflows.
Landslide hazard mapping: The identification and mapping of places where landslides are likely to occur. Mapping steep, saturated, or recently burned terrain helps locate likely mudflow paths.
Armero tragedy: The 1985 disaster in which lahars from Nevado del Ruiz buried the Colombian town of Armero. It demonstrates how a volcano-generated mudflow can destroy a distant town.
Pore-water pressure: The pressure exerted by water within the pores of soil or rock. Rising pore-water pressure reduces grain-to-grain friction and can destabilize a slope.
Snowmelt: The conversion of snow into liquid water as temperatures rise or energy is supplied. Rapid snowmelt can supply the water that mobilizes loose slope material.
Landslide early warning system: A system that monitors conditions and alerts people to imminent or developing landslide hazards. Rainfall and ground-motion monitoring can provide warning before some mudflows reach settlements.
Oso landslide: A catastrophic 2014 landslide in Washington State that buried part of the community of Oso. Its rapid, water-rich movement is often compared with mudflows, though it was a broader landslide failure.
Shear strength: The resistance of a material to sliding or deformation along an internal surface. A mudflow begins when gravitational stress overcomes the soil's shear strength.
Wildfire: An uncontrolled fire that burns vegetation and organic material across a landscape. After wildfire removes vegetation and alters soils, intense rain can trigger mudflows.

Linked from 2 pages

LandslideCompared with: Mudflows are a narrower flow type, while landslide includes falls and slides too.