Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i

Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i was an Iraqi military officer and politician who chaired the Sovereignty Council and served as Iraq’s head of state from 1958 to 1963.

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Abd al-Karim Qasim: An Iraqi army officer who led the 1958 revolution and became prime minister and dominant political leader. Qasim led the new government while ar-Ruba'i chaired its collective head-of-state council.
Sovereignty Council of Iraq: Iraq's collective head-of-state body established after the 1958 revolution and chaired by ar-Ruba'i. This council was the institution through which ar-Ruba'i held the presidency.
Free Officers Movement (Iraq): A clandestine group of Iraqi military officers that organized the 1958 revolution against the monarchy. Ar-Ruba'i's rise followed the movement's successful seizure of power.
1963 Iraqi coup d'état: The February 1963 coup that overthrew Abd al-Karim Qasim's government and brought Ba'athists to power. The coup ended the political order in which ar-Ruba'i served as head of state.
Abd al-Salam Arif: An Iraqi military officer and politician who helped overthrow the monarchy and later became president. Arif was a leading revolutionary officer and a central figure in the regime ar-Ruba'i formally represented.
Prime Minister of Iraq: The head of Iraq's government, responsible for directing the cabinet and executive administration. Qasim's premiership held the principal executive authority alongside ar-Ruba'i's formal head-of-state role.
14 July Revolution: The Iraqi revolution of 14 July 1958 that toppled the Hashemite monarchy and established a republic. This revolution marks the beginning of ar-Ruba'i's tenure as head of state.
Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-led faction): The Iraqi branch of the Arab nationalist Ba'ath Party, which briefly ruled Iraq after the 1963 coup. Its seizure of power displaced the government associated with ar-Ruba'i's tenure.
Muhammad Hassan al-Bakr: An Iraqi army officer and Ba'athist politician who became president in 1968. Al-Bakr participated in the 1958 overthrow and later returned to power after ar-Ruba'i's tenure.
1958 Iraqi coup d'état: The military coup that overthrew Iraq's Hashemite monarchy on 14 July 1958. The coup created the republic and installed the political order in which ar-Ruba'i served.