Multiple cropping

Multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops on the same field in one year, either simultaneously or in succession.

Intercropping: The cultivation of two or more crops together in the same field during part or all of their growing periods. It grows crops simultaneously, often arranging them to share light, water, and soil resources.
Rice–wheat system: A farming system that grows rice and wheat successively on the same land, especially in South Asia. It is a major example of intensive sequential cropping.
Land-use efficiency: The amount or value of output obtained from a given area of land. Multiple cropping can increase annual output per unit of cultivated land.
Monoculture: The cultivation of a single crop species or variety over a large area or repeatedly on the same land. It contrasts with growing multiple crops on a field within one year.
Climate change and agriculture: The effects of changing climate on agricultural production, land, and food systems. Shifting temperatures and rainfall alter the timing and reliability of crop sequences.
Sequential cropping: The cultivation of successive crops on the same land within one year, with one crop planted after another. It achieves multiple harvests by replacing a harvested crop with the next one.
Maize–bean intercropping: A farming practice that grows maize and beans together in the same field. The crop pairing shows how simultaneous crops can supply complementary foods and use field space.
Land equivalent ratio: A measure comparing the land needed for sole crops with the land needed for an intercrop to produce the same yields. It tests whether an intercrop uses land more productively than separate crop stands.
Polyculture: The cultivation of multiple crop species in the same farming system or area. It describes crop diversity broadly, whereas multiple cropping specifically concerns crops grown on the same field in one year.
Crop modeling: The use of mathematical and computational models to simulate crop growth and yield. Models help evaluate cropping calendars and crop combinations under future conditions.

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