Music censorship

Music censorship is the restriction, alteration, or suppression of musical works or performances by governments, institutions, or other authorities.

Prior restraint: A government restriction that prevents expression before it is published or performed. Authorities can block a song or performance before audiences encounter it.
Nazi book burnings: Public destruction of books organized by Nazi student groups in Germany in 1933. The campaign against so-called degenerate culture also targeted music and musicians.
Tipper Gore: An American political activist who co-founded the Parents Music Resource Center in 1985. Her campaign helped bring explicit lyrics and record labeling into national debate.
Chilling effect: The deterrence of lawful expression caused by fear of punishment or other adverse consequences. Threats of bans can make musicians avoid subjects even when no work is formally prohibited.
Content rating: A system that classifies media by suitability for audiences, often by age or content. Ratings warn or guide audiences without necessarily prohibiting access to music.
Broadcast standards: Rules governing what radio and television broadcasters may transmit and when. Stations may remove or edit music to comply with content restrictions.
BBC ban on “Relax”: The BBC's 1984 prohibition of Frankie Goes to Hollywood's single “Relax” from its radio and television programming. The ban demonstrates how broadcasters can restrict a song without outlawing its sale.
Frank Zappa: An American musician and composer who opposed government regulation of popular music lyrics. He testified against proposed labeling and censorship at a 1985 Senate hearing.
Underground music: Music produced or distributed outside dominant commercial and institutional channels. Restrictions can push performances and recordings into informal networks.
Defamation: A false statement presented as fact that unlawfully harms another person's reputation. Legal limits on defamatory material address specific harms, unlike broad suppression of music.

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