Mycelium

Mycelium is the branching network of threadlike hyphae that forms a fungus’s vegetative body. It absorbs nutrients from its surroundings and can spread through soil, wood, or other substrates.

Hypha: A microscopic, threadlike fungal filament that grows at its tip and may branch. Hyphae are the individual filaments whose branching creates mycelium.
Mycelium-based materials: Materials made by growing fungal mycelium through or around a substrate. The network can bind agricultural residues into lightweight packaging and building products.
Mycorrhiza: A symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant root. Mycelium extends from roots into soil, exchanging fungal nutrients for plant-derived carbon.
Pseudomycelium: A chain of elongated yeast cells that resembles a filament but retains constrictions between cells. It resembles true mycelium without being a network of typical branching hyphae.
Apical growth: Growth concentrated at the tip of a cell or filament. Hyphae extend the mycelial network by adding material at their tips.
Mycofabrication: The cultivation of fungi to produce materials, structures, or designed objects. It uses controlled mycelial growth as a manufacturing process.
Wood-wide web: A popular name for networks of mycorrhizal fungi connecting plant roots in soil. It describes one ecological setting in which mycelium links multiple plants.
Yeast: A single-celled growth form found in several unrelated groups of fungi. Yeasts usually grow as individual cells, unlike filamentous mycelium, though some can form filaments.
Hyphal branching: The formation of new growth points along fungal hyphae. Branching increases the network’s reach and contact with nutrient sources.
Mycoremediation: The use of fungi to transform, immobilize, or remove environmental contaminants. Mycelial networks and their enzymes can act on pollutants in contaminated substrates.

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