NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an American civil rights organization founded in 1909 to advance equality for Black people.

Brown v. Board of Education: The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The NAACP Legal Defense Fund developed the litigation strategy that led to this landmark ruling.
NAACP Youth and College Division: The NAACP division that organizes young people and college students around civil rights issues. Youth and student chapters extend the association's organizing beyond established adult membership.
Niagara Movement: A Black civil rights organization founded in 1905 that demanded full political, civil, and social equality. Its members and demands helped provide the immediate foundation for the NAACP.
Walter White: An American civil rights activist who led the NAACP as executive secretary from 1931 to 1955. White expanded the association's influence and helped direct its campaigns against lynching and segregation.
National Urban League: An American civil rights organization founded in 1910 to promote economic opportunity and social welfare for Black Americans. The Urban League often emphasized employment and social services, alongside the NAACP's litigation and political advocacy.
Civil Rights Act of 1964: A U.S. federal law prohibiting discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and federally funded programs. NAACP advocacy helped build support for the legislation and its enforcement.
Lobbying: Efforts to influence government decisions by communicating with public officials on behalf of a cause or interest. The NAACP presses lawmakers and agencies for civil rights legislation and enforcement.
W. E. B. Du Bois: An American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who helped found the NAACP. Du Bois shaped the association's early intellectual direction and edited its magazine, The Crisis.
Roy Wilkins: An American civil rights leader who served as the NAACP's executive director and executive secretary from 1955 to 1977. Wilkins led the organization through the major legislative victories of the civil rights era.
Congress of Racial Equality: An American civil rights organization founded in 1942 that used nonviolent direct action against racial segregation. CORE's sit-ins and freedom rides highlight a direct-action strategy distinct from the NAACP's historic legal emphasis.

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